• In recent years there have been further significant developm

  2024-11-25

  

  In recent years, there have been further significant developments that enhance an understanding of the role of adenosine in nociception. Thus, novel methods of recruiting adenosine A1Rs have been developed, and the role of adenosine A2A- and A3Rs in nociception has been further elaborated. Furthermo

• In an insightful essay Heryanto writes that language is a

  2024-11-25

  

  In an insightful essay, Heryanto (1990, 40) writes that language is “a phenomenon expressing the particular history of a society” that did not exist in many parts of the world. “Language is not a universal category or cultural activity. Though it may sound odd, not all people have a language in the

• Furthermore new strategies to achieve a total androgen depri

  2024-11-23

  

  Furthermore, new strategies to achieve a total androgen deprivation namely by blocking either androgen biosynthesis as well as AR are being considered and should be a relevant topic in the near future. A successful example of this approach is galeterone (159), which not only inhibits the CYP17 enzym

• Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface intern

  2024-11-23

  

  Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface internalization of MHC I molecules, leading to increased antigen presentation. Inactivation of autophagy factors Atg5 and Atg7 in DCs causes elevation of MHC I surface levels by decreasing endocytosis due to a poor recruitment of adaptor-associat

• Acknowledgments br Introduction Prostate cancer is

  2024-11-23

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Prostate cancer is the first leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males in the UK and the second in the US. Despite recent advances in surgery, radiation, medical management and screening, prostate cancer patients suffer high morbidity and mortality and signi

• AP activation is known to upregulate

  2024-11-23

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including β(1,3)-d-glucan synthase D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered

• Recent studies have demonstrated that in response

  2024-11-23

  

  Recent studies have demonstrated that in response to IR, hundreds of substrates are phosphorylated in an ATM-dependent manner, clearly demonstrating the complexity of the ATM-mediated DDR pathways (Matsuoka et al., 2007, Bennetzen et al., 2010, Bensimon et al., 2010). However, evidence suggesting th

• Why do glutamate and glycine bind to the receptor

  2024-11-23

  

  Why do glutamate and glycine bind to the Autophagy Compound Library in such different ways? Given the overall structural similarity between the GluN2A and GluN1 LBDs, one might conclude that the LBDs also bind ligands via similar processes. NMDA receptors with engineered disulfide linkages that lock

• br Conflict of interest br

  2024-11-23

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81070220 and 81170278), and the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Human Provi

• br Results br Discussion AP

  2024-11-23

  

  Results Discussion AP-1, a heterodimeric transcription factor comprising various combinations of FOS, JUN, MAF, ATF, and CREB family proteins, has been known to play a pivotal role in leukocyte development for decades (Liebermann et al., 1998; Valledor et al., 1998). However, its participation

• Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to oxidative products an

  2024-11-23

  

  Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to oxidative products and inflammatory responses; these processes may play important roles in the etiology of PD. Because glial hesperetin synthesis are the main generators of inflammatory responses in the CNS, the possibility that PD results from glial cell dysf

• There are increasing repeated reports of amphotericin B resi

  2024-11-23

  

  There are increasing repeated reports of amphotericin B-resistance in pathogenic fungi including Candida spp. [35], [36]. Nolte et al. characterized some fluconazole and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans isolates from leukemia patients [37]. Fan-Havard et al. (1991) have shown multi-antifung

• br Results br Discussion Although the value of ID

  2024-11-23

  

  Results Discussion Although the value of ID specialists in the USA has already been described in the literature, this study suggests that the same holds true for the Japanese healthcare environment [7], [17], [18], [19]. Valerio et al. reported that antifungal use in DDD decreased from 66.4 pe

• aa-utp receptor A phase I trial has recently

  2024-11-23

  

  A phase I trial has recently evaluated enzalutamide, an anti-androgen agent, in patients with ER- and AR-positive advanced BC to estimate safety and tolerability of enzalutamide therapy alone or in association to anastrozole, exemestane or fulvestrant [65]. The results of major clinical trials with

• To date attention has been directed towards new

  2024-11-23

  

  To date, attention has been directed towards new molecular targets in luminal phenotype (ER-positive), such as CDK4/6 and, to a lesser extent, androgen receptor (AR) pathways [8]. While the role of CDK4/6 has been elucidated and their inhibitors have shown a benefit in luminal BC, the role of AR in

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